Transcription

WENDIE: One minute to go, is everyone settled ready for the walk 2?  In Track C, who is here for Tammie’s talk did you like it?  For those who weren’t I will tell you what you missed I wrote some things down, beds, the research, the talk Tammie gave was about user research.  No user?  Know your users, Tammie Lister and I wrote some things down I wanted to remember, I will share them with you.  Bad research is very easy to do, that was the first thing I wrote down.  User research is a great business idea.  Acknowledge the limits that user research give you.  Mute yourself, which is for me is a tough one.

Knowing your users is really important and you get the best user research results if you just rinse and repeat.  So that is what you missed, that was a great talk, if you want, you can watch it back on WordPress TV in a couple of weeks orb months.

Graham Armfield is also about user experience, he has been a user expert for over 15 years, and he is trying to get it in the head of everybody that works with websites so that is all of us, please put your hands together for Graham.

GRAHAM ARMFIELD: Okay, thank you all of you what are here for choosing my presentation, I am Graham, Web Accessibility Consultant, I have been doing for a long time.  My day job these days is helping developers mainly improve the accessibility of their own websites or the websites of the companies they work for.

Most of my presentations including ones I have given to WordCamps before are about developer related subjects.  However, this one has come about as most of you may know, that the accessibility websites is primarily down to the mark up.

But often I come across when I am teaching developers how to do this or training them with courses I have done, they will come back to me and say, yes, the designer told me to do this.  This is what the specification I have got is.  I can’t do anything else because I have follow this specification.

What I have put together is the presentation because it has become very obvious to me, that design decisions can also influence the accessibility of a website as well.  Before it ever gets to the developers to actually do something with it.

Now I can’t cover everything in this time but I am, what I am going to look at is quite a lot around the use of colour in a variety of guises.  I am going to look at how designers need to cater for keyboard users.  That is people who aren’t using a mouse but rely on keyboard interaction and other tools that people might use that hook into the keyboard functionality of the websites.

I will talk about texts styling of text and content.

Then a little bit at the end on forms.

There will be time at the end for questions.  So we will cover off stuff then if there is anything you are not sure about.

First section is on colour, the first thing I want to talk about is colour contrast.  This seems to happen at a lot of organisations in their, they have like a brand pallette and it specifies all the nice pretty colours that designers are allowed to use in their sites.  What often happens is in the brand guideline there is will be combinations of colours that are no good from a colour contrast perspective.

Now this is actually a website that I built some years ago.  I was asked to build this website because I was, it is a referral from a previous piece of work I had, they came to me because I know I knew how to build an accessible WordPress website, you can’t see the whole thing.  Then they said, by the way here is the designer, the designer came up with this.  I was given the design, I ought uh-uh there are problems, on the website.  In the initial version anyway, pretty much none of the text had the necessary colour contrast.  Here I am using an analyser tool.  It is available on windows and Mac machine, this is a colour picker, this is a slightly older version of it.  Colour picker and run it across the website and do a foreground background check.

It is fairly obvious that the mustard colour has not a lot of colour contrast.  The tool immediately tells you whether it passes or fails the guideline.  WCAG web content accessibility guidelines these are the recognised set of benchmarks for accessible websites, there is an algorithm specified in there, which this refers to so this text fails across the piece.

Also, the grey text fails across the piece.  I was in a bit of a quandary when I was given this design, I build accessible websites and so I went back to them and say, it is a lovely design, very attractive, but you have got a problem here.

At the end of the day, we said we like this design so much, we would like you to do it anyway.  Had to tweak a few things, then do I do the work or say no?  In the end I did do the work and they said they were prepared to take the risks, so if anyone went to them to complain about it.  At least they knew the situation with the colour contrast deficiencies.  Now the site is maintained by someone with poor eyesight, how they cope with that.  Luckily the WordPress admin has a better contrast than the present end.

Colour contrast between elements, there I was talking between backgrounds and foregrounds.

Here I have got a form and the form elements themselves and it showing you here that the text is dark, very dark in there and also the background that the form sits in is also, light grey on the top.  So there is no problems with colour contrast here with foreground, and a become ground, you can see immediately what is going on here is that the designer has specified that the border of or the input fields should be removed so it is actually someone with poor vision is going o to struggle to fill in this form with a mouse because it is difficult to see where the field boundaries are so you need to be aware of that.

With all the stuff I am talking about, I don’t want to tell designers how to do their job, I want to underline design decisions can make it difficult for some people.

And, it is not just a small group of people.  A lot of people have you know, invisible impairments.  If you see someone walking down the street with a white stick or a guide dog, you can be fairly sure they are blind or nearly blind.  But a lot of impairments are actually not half as visible as that.  Low vision affects around 2 million people in this country.

So that is not a small proportion.

So, good colour contrast is important.  But, it is possible to have too much.  I am going the illustrate that with a true story.  This is my friend Tracey, she is a singer and here is her handsome guitarist.  We perform together at open mic nights in Surrey where we live.  Now, we mainly do covers, she wanted to do some of my songs, she said, can you print out the lyrics for these songs, I I did.  I gave them to her on a piece of paper with black text.  Printed it out as you would.  She said, oh I can’t read this you pillock, I am dyslexic!  I had to do it again and print it on her paper.  This is what I gave her, so the original view, but what she needs, she needed me to print it out on Green Paper, if it wasn’t.  She couldn’t read it.

I won’t say to everyone they need to go out there and make the backgrounds of the websites green because some dyslexics prefer blue or purple backgrounds as well.  So the point is, is that black on white or white on black is actually straying into the territory of too much colour contrast.

There are browser tools that people can use to change background colours in certain browsers included the dreaded IE but it is something to bear in mind, dyslexia affects 10% of the population, my eldest daughter is dyslexic as well as my friend Tracey.  A lot of people treat them as being stupid even though because they see their difficulty of reading, with Tracey also memory problems as well that the dyslexia brought her.  Whenever we are playing her, she has to have the lyrics in front of her on the music stand.

The guy in the Beautiful South?

Yes, he has a music stand I think it is for the same reason basically.

Okay.  So moving away, probably everyone knows what this is about.  Colour blindness it affects very few women, only 1 in 200 women but 8% of the male population.  That equates to 2 and a half million people in the UK.  And there is probably I don’t know if anyone wants to volunteer, but probably someone in this room who is colour blind, anyone want to put their hands up?  You as well sir?  Excellent.  Well, there is lots of people with dyslexia and colour blindness amongst us.

So key things to bear in mind is using colour to convey meaning, is quite important.  This is a based on when I used to work in a large financial organisation doing this accessibility stuff these were reports that we used to produce.  They are called rag status reports, red-amber-green.  A table with this.  If you produced this as a web table, and things with a green background, if you are colour blind that might be a series of grey scale tones right and so it is hard to tell the difference.  So you shouldn’t ever use colour alone as a way of of conveying meaning.  It is okay to use colour because a lot of people will get that straight away, but make sure it is not the only way to do it.  The irony here, red green colour blindness is the most common type.

So here is a more leisure orientated thing, it is based on the coverage of something, the world cup I think it was, from the BBC.  I met a woman at an accessibility conference I went to some time ago who ran a society for parents of colour blind children.  She said her son got, who was very interested in football.  Got frustrated whenever they showed these things on the penalty shoot outs he could not tell the difference between the green and red blobs they put out.

You know, that is fine, it is quite quick to see that if you are not colour blind, but what about doing something like this as a simple addition to that, so it is still attractive, obviously I put it together is so it is not beautifully designed you get the impression of what I am talking about there.  You have got the colour which is a quick thing but also the symbols as well.

Okay, another way that colour is used on websites is to indicate links.  Now this is a common construct I found in WordPress themes.  It is having the links as just coloured text.  Now there was a convention when the web was old, about 15 years ago, 20 years ago, a long time ago in the web; that people put underlines under their links right?  Now if I flick backwards and forwards between those two views, see how easier, how much easier it is where the links are, when the underlines are present?

So think twice perhaps before you remove that especially if your green is quite close in the colour styling to the black text.

This is a nice good presentation screen here sometimes when I have given presentations like this to developers I am using a rather rubbish projector and something like that, it is almost impossible to see the difference between the green and that text there.

The next section is about the use of keyboard, some people rely on keyboard interaction, either can’t use a mouse or choose not to use a mouse.

So, this is a website for a function I went to last September, not sure if Dave is in the room?  He is?  Ha ha.  Okay.

So here we go, this is the menu for the website for front end north I hover over this, change from yellow to blue.  If I tab to the links as well as the colour change, I got a nice border around it as well.  So that is really good.

Now if I am using my mouse pointer to move around a screen I am completely in control of this because I know where I am going to go with it next.  If I am however relying on the tab key to take me from link to link to link, to button, to form field etc., etc. I don’t know where that is going to go next.

Hopefully no one has messed around with the tab order of the page and it is sensible.  But the tab focus can jump around the page considerably.

For that reason keyboard focus should be as obvious as the hover state, web designers specify a design for developers to use, they will specify what the hover states look like, then they need to be specifying what the keyboard interaction looks like too.

Sometimes I mean the browsers by default put a focus indication around elements that is field forms, … by default.  Sometimes the browser indication is not enough.  In Chrome it is a blue ring, but in Firefox, I also use Firefox and Internet Explorer a thin dotted white line.  In some situations that works nicely.  But here, is a, a screen shot from a website from some, for a company I have been working with and it, this is actually a carousel and there is a button that controls left and right.  This is what it looks like with no focus, this is what it looks like when it has got focus.

So it is quite subtle right unless you are right down the front you might not tell the difference.  If I magnify this area, you will see, see the fuzzy edge?  That is because it actually has the default browser focus indication.  That plainly is not enough here.  So, you need to be thinking about things like this and actually specifying how easy it would be if that button turned blue with focus, that would be a much more obvious change in focus.

Okay.  And this is what some websites do is they take the outline off altogether.  Someone has spotted that Chrome puts this nice blue line links.  They go, I don’t want anything like that on my website.  Let’s get rid of that, that makes it difficult.  Here is a website, I will actually demo this in a second impossible on this website to see where your keyboard focus is at all.  There is no way to see it.  As I will demo now.  I will quickly flip out of the presentation and go to a browser.

I have used Firefox here.  Okay this is an example of a good example, this is gov.uk, if I hover, there is a subtle change in colour and these ones over here, watch around if I tab around.  I will start at the top.  Tab key, tab key, tab key, tab key, tab key, … etc., etc. You will notice that focus is a lot more visible.  This is good.  If I am in control of my mouse I know where I am.  It is now obvious where it is.

An even better way of doing it is the M and S bank website.  Used to be rubbish from accessibility perspective.  I notice it has changed completely.  What this one does is even more interesting because I have only ever seen this on one site.  That was a website it was a site of some accessibility specialists now if I start at the top.  A skip link to the page that is fine.  But now I get this blue ring but notice how it actually guides me to where the next link goes.

Interestingly, now goes to the M&S bank logo, it guides peoples eyes to where focus is next.  This is a real dream way of doing it because for someone with who relies on keyboard interaction with the site, with this site, who can see, this is a god’s send, they know exactly where everything is.

I mentioned the men’s health magazine website.  I will just make sure that focus is at the top.  How am I doing for time by the way?  Fine thank you.

Okay, so now I am doing tab, tab, tab, tab, tab, tab, tab, tab, you can see that things are happening because this little location bar down here is changing.  But I am not getting any information at all about where focus is on that page.  That is true across the entire site.  So a sighted keyboard user would have terrible trouble using that website.

Right let’s dip back in.

The next section I’m going to talk about is text and content and firstly talk about text resizing and zooming.  This is from the TSB web-site – it’s an older iteration of it not long after the divorce from Lloyds Bank a couple of year ago.  So this is what these panels look like.  It’s a list of links at the normal text size and this is what it looks like when the user makes the text bigger.  The thing to bear in mind is text resizing and zooming are not the same thing.

Now as you’ll see there is an exception to what I’m about to say is that often what happens if people do text zooming is that everything on the page gets bigger and that’s the idea.  Now most browsers do this by default but what happens quickly is you start to get horizontal scroll bars, on a wide lap-top machine that’s not to true but if I’m running an older machine I will get horizontal scroll bars and you know they are not a good thing for people.  And that is why people opt in some browsers to use text resizing.  It’s readily available in internet explorer and Firefox where you make just the text bigger, and that can bring challenges like this.

But it’s quite possible when doing your designs to think about what’s supposed to happen and this is a great site for an example of how to do it properly – the Lego shop which is a fantastic site to look round.  This is what it looks like at the normal size and this is what it looks like when I’ve made it bigger and what happens you’ve probably guessed here is that A, and this is both in zooming and text resizing there is no horizontal scroll bars but it progressively goes into the mobile view of this site and it’s great, in fact in this site I’ll show in a moment text resizing and zooming gives a ultimately the same view right up to quite large amount of magnification so that’s good.

So the sites you are designing, does that happen for them, is that going to work for them?  You have to think about where the content is going to go.

So, let’s have a brief look at that.  Here we go, Firefox.  So this is the page about the Thai fighter in the Lego site.  In Firefox options are controlled in view.  Zoom, zoom text only, if that’s checked and then when I’ve checked that I use control and plus, I’m not sure what the Mac options are here in safari, but certainly control plus, it makes the text bigger but not the container.  But in the Lego site it actually works quite nicely.

Now if I press that 6 times, that is about the equivalent of 200 per cent of the normal size which is what the accessibility guidelines specify that you need to do.

So that is good and you can keep going and, yes, obviously there is – you can’t see much on the screen at once but if I’ve got poor eyesight everything is pretty much there.  It’s just there is a bit of truncation going on over here.  But that is not bad at all and it looks almost the same if I actually did zooming instead.

But now let’s have a look at Evans Cycles.  So I have got – check I’ve got the same setting on this browser.  Yes zoom text only control plus 6 times – okay so here you can see in Firefox it’s actually helpfully telling me what the resize is.

You will notice at the top it’s generally not too bad.  You’ve got some spillage of text over something else and that but generally it’s fairly usable at the top of the page even in where you’ve got this door mat navigation that’s pretty good, but when it starts to get a bit messy down in the product areas where there is some truncation and what have you.

Now to see what a real disaster looks like, we all like to look at a disaster don’t we – okay the Dyson web-site, quiet a stylish web-site if you want to buy your vacuum or hoover as I say, I am old-fashioned.  Normal size.  Press control plus.  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.  Oh dear oh dear.  I’ve got this white Panel which is now obscuring a lot of the page.  And we’ve got all kinds of mess basically.  If I rely on making the text this big to use this web-site, I am going to really struggle here because in some places I’ve actually got 3 layers of text superimposed here.

And so that’s not good.

So we’ve seen from the Lego site it’s perfectly possible to get this right.  So just bear that in mind please when you are specifying your designs for what’s supposed to happen.

Next, text justification.  Here’s a paragraph of random Latin when it’s left aligned and this is what it looks like when it is fully justified okay.  It looks neater in some levels but you can see if I flick forwards and backwards you can see what’s happened here is that it’s actually stretched the gaps between the words and the tricky bit here is this is a cognitive difficulty for a lot of people but especially for dyslexics because on each line the amount of gap between the words is now different to how it was before and what can sometimes happen, not for all dislexics but for some people is they get this effect of rivers of white space – where words stretch apart there are channels and dislexics focus on the channels between the words rather than the words itself, and it makes the paragraphs really difficult to read.

Okay one small bit on forms.

This is one of my bug bears that I come across quite a lot when I’m doing testing and looking at people’s web-sites before I train their developers.  Use of place holder’s here is an example from the consumers association.  You’d think they should know better really.  So, placeholders here.  They didn’t use a place holder for that even though they could have put which train company used most often in the option of this select but there you go.

Now this is a real problem for some people and it actually specifies, if you look at the HTML 5 specification, it says here, in plain English: the place holder attribute should not be used as a replacement for a label.  And then in the green paragraph afterwards it tells you some of the reasons why it’s a bad move to do this.

The problem is as soon as you start typing into a field that’s got a placeholder, the placeholder disappears saw if you’ve got people who have memory problems they can quite easily forget what the field is supposed to be for.  And you might – in this room, perhaps we’re all sort of like very able people, I don’t know, but for some people that becomes a real problem saw they then have to delete the text and get a reminder of what’s there before.

The other reason – another problem there of course if I submit a form and then it comes back because I’ve got some submission errors like it doesn’t validate properly, there is no then prompt for each of the input fields because typically when you play a form back to a user it will actually then have what the user just put into that form and so you can run into problems there because people don’t know what it is that they need to correct.  Obviously if your error messages are quite good they might not be so much of an issue.

The other thing with place holders is by default the text is very faint so people who have poor vision often can’t read what the place holder says.  So a solution there might be to make the place holder darker but then you run into the thing that people can then assume the field is already completed so user studies have found that a lot of people will ignore form fields that have got place holders in because they think there a default value, not everyone goes line by line reading a form when it gets given to them.

Okay that is the end of my presentation.  Thank you very much for the time.  I’ve come in 2 minutes early.  {Applause}.

WENDIE: Any questions?  I see a lot of questions.  Yes?

FROM THE FLOOR: Hi, Graham, what are your feelings on having an accessibility toolbar actually on the web-site where people have a button so they can change the size of the text and contrast.  Browsers allow you to do that.  What are you feelings on whether we need that or not?

GRAHAM ARMFIELD: A good question about browsers and options to change colours and fonts on web-sites.  We’ve all seen that on web-sites but very, very few.  In my view I don’t think it is necessary really.  I think – I have actually installed it on some of the sites I’ve done for people where they’ve specifically asked for it, but if there is a designer you design where your content is going to go and get your developer to do it properly there is no reason why you need to have the text resize facility because people can do that in their browsers.  Typically if people need colour schemes outside of the norm for example if I have very poor eyesight I might have a hi-viz requirement in that I have a black background with bright yellow text, that’s where people are going to be user browsers like internet explorer which readily offers you the facility to set an override browser colours.

There are tools available as well, assisted technologies to help dislexics read write gold is one and claro read is another and they can add a little overlay for you to actually help you and some of them will actually highlight lines of text as it reads it with hi-viz way of doing it or config rabble way of doing it.  So the short answer is I don’t think you desperately need to do that.  If someone asks you why not.  But as long as you will allow the browser to master your web-site when it is required for users, then I think that’s okay.

FROM THE FLOOR: So, in some ways the browser has more options in anything you can put in a toolbar any way because you are limited in the space you can allow the different options whereas if they use browser they can pretty much do whatever they like.

GRAHAM ARMFIELD: Yes, that’s right because then the browser options will pertain across all websites they might be looking at.  And that is why – a lot of developers especially curse internet explorer but a lot of people with access needs still internet explorer still because it offers quite good accessibility options and a lot of assistive technologies work best with internet explorer for that reason.  Thank you. Anyone else?  I don’t know who is governing the queuing.  There is a chap down the front.  Dave had a question.  Is that Herb I can see?

FROM THE FLOOR: Is there a tool that enables you to automatically do colour contrast against a CSS?

GRAHAM ARMFIELD: Yes if you are looking at a web-site – if you use Google chrome or I think now Firefox as well, there is a plugin you can get for Google chrome called Wave and it’s an accessibility tool, and it basically – I mean automated tools can’t show you everything that’s wrong with the accessibility, but it does have a look at and will show you using a series of icons things that it knows are wrong about your site and, yes, it analyses the CSS of your website to actually look at colour contrast and will indicate with a icon on the screen exactly where it thinks there are colour contrast issues.  There is also another tool you can use in chrome – Google chrome itself has an accessibility reporting tool and you can run a report on a page and it will actually then list out where it thinks you have problems with colour contrast.  But Wave is the easy one to use.

FROM THE FLOOR: Sometimes when I make web-sites I cater for AI readers –

GRAHAM ARMFIELD: Aria? RAI? –

FROM THE FLOOR: Screen reading software.  I never seen how they actually work can you give us a bit of –

GRAHAM ARMFIELD: I do demos of screen – I don’t think I have time to dig it out now.  I can tell you about it.  Screen readers typically are used by people who are blind but not always because sometimes – I’ll tell you how they work then I can talk about – okay thank you.

Okay so NVDA is a free to down load one that works on windows machines, it works on Macs if you have got a windows partition.  Macs you have voice over the native one for Mac any way, kind of work in the same way.  Basically there are a variety of tools.  If I was say completely blind I would use the tab key to move round a page and it would take me to links form fields and will literally read out loads of information so when it lands on a link it will tell you what the link text is and tell you it’s a link if it’s an in page link i.e. a link to somewhere else on the same page it will tell you that too.  You can use the up and down arrow keys to move a line at a time.  There is also short cuts in NVDA if you have it running if you press the H key it will move to the next heading on a page, assuming there is one; if there isn’t one it will tell you there isn’t a next heading and shift H will take you to the previous heading and there is also corresponding key strokes for form fields, paragraphs and links and stuff like that.  There is also functionality within screen readers that allows you certainly in NVDA allows you to list links on the page so if someone comes to your page they will do insert F 7 which is the default key stroke and it will actually bring up a dialogue box that lists the links on the page so then you can use the up and down arrow keys to move through the list and when you find the link you might be interested in you press the enter key and it will follow that link so sometimes people can use that functionality instead of browsing the page itself.

I mentioned screen readers are not just used by blind people, they’re also used by possibly dislexics although there are better tools for dislexics but also for people who just have reading difficulties because with NVDA – this isn’t a mouse but I’ll pretend it is. If I’m moving round a page with a mouse it will read out what’s underneath the mouse pointer and there will be {inaudible} start at top of content read me from here, so it will literally read me out the rest of the page from there.  That in a nutshell is how a screen reader works.

WENDIE: A question at the back.

FROM THE FLOOR: Given the customizer in WordPress is getting more and more popular and within it we have a colour picker which we’re handing over to our users to use.  Do you feel WordPress whether this is core or a feature plugin whatever it might be, do you think we need to move towards providing a simple colour contrast checker within the customizer or is that overkill?

GRAHAM ARMFIELD: An interesting idea.  A note about default colour picker in customizer. I was involved with {inaudible} accessible team when that was looked at and it’s interesting the colour picker is fully keyboard accessible so I can go into the colour picker and actually by manipulating the up and down arrow keys and tabbing I can choose the colours using purely the keyboard rather than hovering over it with a mouse.  The algorithm is published on the world-wide web consortium web-site, so yes it would be a fairly easy task to actually build a colour contrast checker in the customizer because it just uses the hex values that you specify or RGBA values you specify in your style sheets.  Does that answer your question?  Cool.

WENDIE: Is there time?  Any questions?

GRAHAM ARMFIELD: Who’s got another quickie?

FROM THE FLOOR: Where do you see the future of accessibility going?  How you can envision how it should be going?

GRAHAM ARMFIELD: My day job and it’s great because I love my work – as Wendie mentioned at the start I’ve been trying to get people interested in accessibility for a long time.  I got into it 15 years ago when I worked for Nat West the bank and they asked me to have a look at this, someone demonstrated how a screen reader worked and I thought wow this is amazing then they showed me how easy it was to change the code within the page to get the screen readers to work perfectly and I thought the way it’s supposed to be for everyone – I am an idealistic but the web is supposed to be for everybody here and it’s so easy to get these things right but the challenge becomes because as developers and designers we’re thinking about user experience, we’re thinking about this and that, is it teatime yet, all kinds of stuff.  Accessibility is not hard but it’s different.  It’s just like thinking about solving different problems that are probably not in your requirement specification or you might not have thought about so what I’m trying to do here, and people like me, Adrian who is here from the yellow group as well, is to sort of plant in people’s minds the seeds that there are people who have different needs to me so when I am designing and building a web-site I probably need to cater for them as well and this is how we do it.  So, I do training and helping developers and whatever like that and so the future is there and there have been very false storms with accessibility but now it’s really starting to take hold now.  There are a lot of organisations who are now doing it.  It’s no longer just me getting up on my back legs at these meetings and talking about it.  Other people are as well.  And I think also people are conscious of like it’s not just about people with disabilities.  My parents are in their eighties now.  Remember the elderly lady right at the start?  That’s my Mum.  Because she’s not – she just can’t see as well as she used to, she’s not as clever as she used to be sadly, people lose their faculties as they get older and that’s going to be us in 20, 30, 40 years and people can get temporarily disabled.  I hope no one does but you can get run over as you walk across to the tube station and stuff like that and means your arm is in a plaster and you can’t use your hands.  So it’s about building the web for everybody and I think now is you really need to know it’s not hard but just different so understand and understand how many people – there are some statistics in there if you add everybody up we’re talking about 20 per cent of the population really has some kind of thing whether it’s getting old or whatever, dyslexia, colour blindness, blindness whatever, deafness, people who are deaf as well, haven’t spoken about deafness at all today, but if you add it all up it’s about 20 per cent of the population which is quite a lot of people.  Okay? that’s where I hope it is going.

WENDIE: I think it was a great talk.  Can we find your sheets anywhere so we can look up all the links you shared?

GRAHAM ARMFIELD: Yes, I will upload them to somewhere suitable. Haven’t done it yet but I will upload them.

WENDIE:   If it takes a long weekend can we remind you that it’s okay for you?  Cool.  I think this was an awesome subject.  I did a talk this morning and my final sentence was, I think it applies to this: it’s really easy to make someone feel special really easy, but it takes a big effort to make everyone feel normal, and I think you did a great job by explaining this to us, thank you Graham.  {Applause}.

So it’s teatime. We are going to be back here at 10 past 4 with Alice and she is going to talk about – I just look at it and I forgot it but it’s teatime, there are schedules everywhere.  Please see you in a few minutes.